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Philip the Bold ((フランス語:Philippe le Hardi), (オランダ語:Filips de Stoute); 17 January 1342 – 27 April 1404, Halle) was Duke of Burgundy (as Philip II) and ''jure uxoris'' Count of Flanders (as Philip II), Artois and Burgundy (as Philip IV). The fourth and youngest son of King John II of France and his wife, Bonne of Luxembourg,〔Richard Vaughan, ''Philip the Bold: The Formation of the Burgundian State'', (The Boydell Press, 2005), 152.〕 Philip was the founder of the Burgundian branch of the House of Valois. His vast collection of territories made him the undisputed premier peer, and made his successors formidable rivals of the King of France. ==Early life== Born in Pontoise in 1342, Philip gained his cognomen the Bold when, at the age of 14, he fought beside and was captured with his father at the Battle of Poitiers. He was created Duke of Touraine in 1360, but in 1363, as a reward for his courage at Poitiers, he returned this to the crown, receiving instead from his father the Duchy of Burgundy in apanage, which his father had ruled since the death of Philip of Rouvres in 1361. Philip would rule the duchy until his death.〔Richard Vaughan, ''Philip the Bold: The Formation of the Burgundian State'', 3.〕 On 19 June 1369, Philip married the 19-year-old Margaret of Dampierre, the daughter of Louis II, Count of Flanders, who would become the heiress of Flanders, Brabant, Artois, and the Free County of Burgundy after the death of her brother in 1376. Margaret was the widow of Philip's stepbrother, Philip of Rouvres, Duke of Burgundy, Count Palatine of Burgundy, and Count of Artois, Boulogne and Auvergne. The two had been betrothed and married as children, she at seven years old, he at 11 years old; he died when he was about 15 and she about 11. Their marriage was without issue. As her father's eventual heiress, Margaret would bring rich possessions to her husband and to their children.〔Richard Vaughan, ''Philip the Bold: The Formation of the Burgundian State'', 16.〕 From 1379 to 1382, he helped his father-in-law put down revolts in Flanders, particularly in Ghent, organising an army against Philip van Artevelde. The revolts were finally ended only in 1385, following the death of Louis II, with the Peace of Tournai. As ''jure uxoris'' Count of Flanders, he would keep in mind the economic interests of the Flemish cities, which made their money from weaving and spinning. In this he was aided by the expansion of the Three Members - a parliament consisting of representatives from the towns of Bruges, Ghent and Ypres - to the Four Members through the addition of the rural area Franc of Bruges In 1390, Philip also became the Count of Charolais, a title used by Philip the Good and Charles the Bold as the heirs of Burgundy. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Philip the Bold」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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